Gestational diabetes

Diet

High consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugar foods worsens insulin resistance.

Obesity

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases insulin resistance.

Inactivity

A sedentary lifestyle reduces the absorption of glucose by muscles, reducing insulin resistance.

Family history

Poor sleep quality contributes to metabolic dysfunction and elevated cortisol levels.

Increased thirst (Polydipsia)

Excess glucose is found in the urine, causing water to be lost.

Frequent urination (Polyuria)

Caused by high levels of glucose in the blood.

Fatigue and weakness

The result of the body's inability to use glucose for energy.

Blurred vision

High Glucose Levels Affect Eye Fluid Balance

Fasting blood sugar test

Normal
‍ <60 mg/dL.

Diabetic
>126 mg/dL

Hemoglobin A1c

Reflects the average blood sugar level over three months.

Normal
‍ < 5.7%

Diabetic
> 6.5%

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

Evaluates the body's ability to process glucose.

Dietary changes

• Low glycemic index diets, calorie restriction, and physical activity improve glucose control.
• Zone 2 exercise promotes the absorption of glucose by the muscles, thus bypassing insulin resistance.

Medications

• Insulin therapy is often prescribed if lifestyle changes are not enough
• Metformin may be considered as an alternative.
• Continuous glucose monitoring: Provides real-time information on glucose fluctuations.