Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery. It occurs when hormonal changes and insulin resistance in the body alter the ability to regulate blood sugar levels. GDM increases risks for mother and child, including the future development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic disorders.
Certain lifestyle and predisposing factors contribute to the development of gestational diabetes.
High consumption of refined carbohydrates and sugar foods worsens insulin resistance.
Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases insulin resistance.
A sedentary lifestyle reduces the absorption of glucose by muscles, reducing insulin resistance.
Poor sleep quality contributes to metabolic dysfunction and elevated cortisol levels.
Symptoms may be mild or absent, but often resemble those of general diabetes.
Excess glucose is found in the urine, causing water to be lost.
Caused by high levels of glucose in the blood.
The result of the body's inability to use glucose for energy.
High Glucose Levels Affect Eye Fluid Balance
Routine screening during pregnancy is crucial in identifying gestational diabetes.
Normal
<60 mg/dL.
Diabetic
>126 mg/dL
Reflects the average blood sugar level over three months.
Normal
< 5.7%
Diabetic
> 6.5%
Evaluates the body's ability to process glucose.
Gestational diabetes management focuses on maintaining healthy blood glucose levels throughout pregnancy.