Cerebrovascular disease (CVA)

Cerebrovascular disease includes conditions that affect blood flow to the brain, with stroke being the most common occurrence. A stroke occurs when the blood supply is blocked or when a blood vessel ruptures, causing oxygen starvation and brain cell damage. This can lead to long-term neurological deficits or death.

Predisposition

Lifestyle habits significantly influence stroke risk by affecting vascular health and blood flow.

Smoking

Damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clots.

Poor diet

High consumption of saturated fats and sodium contributes to hypertension and the accumulation of plaques.

Physical inactivity

Reduces vascular resilience and increases the risk of stroke.

Excessive alcohol consumption

Excessive and chronic alcohol consumption can lead to hypertension and atrial fibrillation.

Symptoms

ASCVD often remains asymptomatic until significant arterial narrowing or blockage occurs, leading to acute cardiovascular events.

Sagging face

One side of the face may droop or feel numb.

Weakness in one arm

Sudden inability to raise one or both arms

Difficulty speaking

Scrambled or incomprehensible speech is a characteristic sign.

Act quickly

A quick response improves results; call emergency services immediately.

Diagnostic

Early and accurate diagnosis of the type and severity of stroke is crucial for effective treatment.

Scan (CT)

Quickly identify hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke.

MRI

Provides detailed images of brain tissue and blood vessels.

Carotid ultrasound

Detects the narrowing of the carotid arteries, a common precursor to stroke.

Blood tests

Assess clotting factors and cholesterol levels to estimate risks

Therapy

Treatment varies depending on the type of stroke, but aims to restore blood flow or control bleeding.

ischemic stroke (blocked artery)

Thrombolytic drugs (tPA)

Dissolves clots if given within 3 to 4.5 hours after onset.

Mechanical thrombectomy

Remove large clots via a catheter.

Hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding)

Surgical clipping or embolization

Stop bleeding from ruptured aneurysms.

Blood pressure control

Prevents additional vascular ruptures.