Alpha-amylase is an enzyme that plays a key role in digestion. It breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starch, into simple sugars that are easily absorbed.

Produced primarily by the pancreas and the salivary glands, alpha amylase has an essential digestive function, but it is also used as a biomarker to diagnose certain diseases, including those affecting the pancreas or the salivary glands.

An alpha amylase test is prescribed when problems with the pancreas or the salivary glands are suspected. Here are the main situations that justify this test:

• Severe abdominal pain : Possible sign of pancreatic disorder.
• Nausea and vomiting : Potential symptoms of pancreatic inflammation or digestive problems.
• Unexplained appetite loss : Often linked to digestive or pancreatic disorders.
• Fever and swelling of the salivary glands : Indicators of infection or blockage affecting amylase production.
• Suspected pancreatitis : Key diagnosis for acute or chronic forms.

The alpha amylase test is generally performed using a blood sample. In some cases, a urinalysis can also be done. The steps include:

• Taking a blood sample from a vein, then sent to the laboratory.
• Urinalysis to detect amylase, although this method is less common.

Test Preparations

• On an empty stomach : Do not eat or drink anything (except water) for a few hours before the test.
• Avoid alcohol and some medications : Tell your doctor about current treatments.
• Specific for urine : Avoid foods that color urine (blueberries, beets) and suspend diuretics, on medical advice.

In the blood

• Kids :
  • Under 1 year: 6—44 U/L
  • 1 to 3 years: 8—79 U/L
  • 3 to 17 years: 21—110 U/L
• Adults (>17 years) : 28—100 U/L
• Pregnant women :
  • 1st trimester: 24—83 U/L
  • 2nd quarter: 16—73 U/L
  • 3rd quarter: 15—81 U/L

In the Urine

• Adult men : 16—491 U/L
• Adult women : 21—447 U/L

High levels

High levels of alpha amylase may indicate:

• Acute pancreatitis : Inflammation causing a sharp rise in levels.
• Mumps : Salivary gland infection.
• Kidney disease : Kidney dysfunction that prevents the normal elimination of amylase.
• Pancreatic cancer : Tumors can interfere with amylase production.
• Inflammation of the gallbladder : May indirectly affect levels.

Recommendations

• Consult a doctor to identify the underlying cause.
• Eat a balanced diet that is low in fat.
• Stay hydrated and limit alcohol.
• Follow regular checks to monitor changes in levels.

Low levels

Low levels of alpha amylase may indicate:

• Chronic pancreatitis : Long-term inflammation reduces amylase production.
• Liver disease : Like cirrhosis, decreasing production capacity.
• Cystic fibrosis : A genetic disorder affecting organs, including the pancreas.

Recommendations

• Eat a low-carb diet to reduce stress on the pancreas.
• Avoid tobacco and keep an eye on your weight.
• Conduct regular checkups to monitor progress.

Depending on your results, a general practitioner may refer you to:

• Gastroenterologist : For digestive and pancreatic disorders.
• Endocrinologist : For hormonal problems affecting the pancreas.
• Nephrologist : If kidney disease is suspected.

These specialists will help you understand your results and develop a personalized treatment plan.