Progesterone is a key hormone produced by the ovaries in women and by the adrenal glands in men and women. It regulates many important functions, especially in the reproductive system.

In women, it prepares the uterus for pregnancy, supports the onset of pregnancy, and regulates the menstrual cycle. In men, it contributes to sperm production.
Progesterone also influences mood, sleep, and other bodily functions, making it vital for overall health.

Progesterone tests can be useful in diagnosing reproductive health problems or in detecting hormonal imbalances or underlying disorders in the adrenal glands or ovaries.

A progesterone test is recommended in several situations where hormonal balance or reproductive health is at stake. Some common examples include:

• Infertility : To determine if ovulation is taking place and to assess progesterone levels during the luteal phase.
• Menstrual irregularities : In case of irregular, abundant or absent periods.
• Pregnancy follow-up : To assess the health of the placenta and the fetus.
• Risk of miscarriage or complications : Low progesterone levels may indicate increased risk.
• Menstrual symptoms : In case of severe PMS or severe pain.
• Adrenal or ovarian disorders : To confirm or rule out conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or adrenal gland disorders.

Progesterone levels can be measured using a variety of methods, depending on the specific circumstances and recommendations of the health professional. The most common methods include:

• Blood test : A blood sample is taken from a vein, usually from the arm. It is the most reliable and widespread method.
• Saliva test : Saliva samples are used to measure progesterone levels. This method, which is less invasive, is used in some specific cases.
• Urine test : Although less common, it can be used to measure progesterone metabolites.

Special preparations:

• For a blood test: No specific preparation is generally required, but it is important to follow the instructions of the health professional, especially regarding when to take the test.
• For a saliva test: Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco for at least 24 hours prior to the test.

Normal progesterone levels vary by gender, age, and reproductive status. The general values are as follows:

• Hommes : 0-0.47 nmol/L
• Women (up to 45) : 0.181-75.9 nmol/L, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle
• Women (over 45) : 0-0.4 nmol/L

Note : The units of measurement and the normal ranges may differ depending on the laboratory and the methods used.

Progesterone levels that are too high or too low can indicate a variety of health conditions.

High levels
They can be associated with:

• Pregnancy (natural increase to maintain pregnancy)
• Ovarian cysts
• Cancer of the adrenal glands or ovaries
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Recommendations:

• Consult a doctor to determine the cause and get appropriate treatment.
• Monitor your hormones regularly if problems persist.

Low levels
They may result in:

• Severe stress
• Poor diet
• Obesity
• Threat of miscarriage
• Amenorrhea (absence of periods)

Recommendations:

• Manage stress with relaxation techniques (yoga, meditation).
• Eat a balanced diet.
• Maintain a healthy weight.

If you have symptoms related to a progesterone imbalance or have questions about your hormones, contact:

• Gynecologist : Specialist in female reproductive health.
• Endocrinologist : Expert in hormonal disorders for men and women.
• Reproductologist : Specialist in fertility and reproductive health.

These professionals can diagnose the cause and recommend appropriate treatment to restore hormonal balance.